Volume 1: Adaptation and Learning
Twenty-five years of study and experience went into the making of this one-of-a-kind reference. Veterinarians, animal scientists, dog owners, trainers, consultants, and counselors will find this book a benchmark reference and handbook concerning positive, humane management and control of dogs.
Reflecting the author's extensive work with dogs, this book promises thorough explanations of topics, and proven behavioral strategies that have been designed, tested, and used by the author. More than 50 figures and tables illustrate this unique and significant contribution to dog behavior, training, and learning.
1. Origins and Domestication
Archeological Record
Domestication: Processes and Definitions
Biological and Behavioral Evidence
Effects of Domestication
The Silver Fox: A Possible Model of Domestication
Selective Breeding, the Dog Fancy, and the Future
References
2. Development of Behavior
The Critical or Sensitive Period Hypothesis
Early Development and Reflexive Behavior
Socialization: Learning to Relate and Communicate
Learning to Compete and Cope
Learning to Adjust and Control
References
3. Neurobiology of Behavior and Learning
Cellular Composition of the Brain
Hindbrain and Midbrain Structures
Diencephalon
Limbic System
Learning and the Septohippocampal System
Cerebral Cortex
Neurotransmitters and Behavior
Neural Substrates of Motivation (Hypothalamus)
Neurobiology of Aggression (Hypothalamus)
Neurobiology of Fear
Autonomic Nervous System
Mediated Concomitants of Fear
Neurobiology of Compulsive Behavior and Stereotypes
Neurobiology of Attachment and Separation Distress
Psychomotor Epilepsy, Catalepsy, and Narcolepsy
References
4. Sensory Abilities
Vision
Audition
Olfaction
The Jacobson or Vomeronasal Organ
Gustation
Somatosensory System
Reflexive Organization
Extrasensory Perception
References
5. Biological and Dispositional Constraints on Learning
Nature versus Nurture
Instincts, "Fixed" Action Patterns, and Functional Systems
Instinctual Learning
Preparedness and Selective Association
Instinctive Drift and Appetitive Learning
Contrafreeloading
Genetic Predisposition and Temperament
Breed Variations
Inheritance of Fear
Heredity and Intelligence
References
6. Classical Conditioning
Pavlov's Discovery
Basic Conditioning Arrangements between Conditioned Stimulus and Unconditioned Stimulus
Common Examples of Classical Conditioning
Konorski's Conceptualization of Reflexive Behavior
Rescorla's Contingency[2] Theory of Classical Conditioning
Stimulus Factors Affecting Conditioned-Stimulus Acquisition and Maintenance
Conditioned Compound Stimuli
Higher-Order Conditioning
Generalization and Discrimination
Extinction of Classical Conditioning
Spontaneous Recovery and Other Sources of Relapse
Habituation and Sensitization
Special Phenomena of Classical Conditioning
Classically Generated Opponent Processes and Emotions
Counterconditioning
Classical Conditioning and Fear
References
7. Instrumental Learning
Differences Between Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Theoretical Perspectives
Thorndike's Connectionism
Guthrie's Learning Theory and Behavior Modification
Tolman's Expectancy Theory
B. F. Skinner and Analysis of Behavior
Basic Concepts and Principles of Instrumental Learning
Motivation, Learning, and Performance
Premack Principle: The Relativity of Reinforcement
Learning and Control of the Environment
Schedules of Positive Reinforcement
Everyday Examples of Reinforcement Schedules
Hope, Disappointment, and Other Emotions Associated with Learning
Matching Law
Extinction of Instrumental Learning
Differential Reinforcement
Learning and Attention
Shaping: Training Through Successive Approximations
Chaining: Ordering Complex Performances
Prompting, Fading, and Shadowing
Rehearsal and Staging
Transfer of Learning
Behavioral Contrast and Momentum
Social Learning
Higher-Order Classes of Behavior
Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy
A Brief Critique of Traditional Learning Theory
Conclusion
References
8. Aversive Control of Behavior
Fear and Pain
Negative Reinforcement and Avoidance Learning
Mowrer's Two-Process Theory of Avoidance Learning
A Cognitive Theory of Avoidance Learning
Safety Signal Hypothesis
Species-Specific Defensive Reactions and Avoidance Training
Punishment
P+ and P-: A Shared Emotional and Cognitive Substrate?
Punishers, Rewards, and Verifiers
Direct and Remote Punishment
Using Time-out to Modify Behavior
How to Use Time-out
Types of Time-out
Time-out and Social Excesses
Negative Practice, Negative Training, and Overcorrection (Positive Practice) Techniques
Remote-activated Electronic Collars
Misuse and Abuse of Punishment
Abusive Punishment: The Need for Universal Condemnation
General Guidelines for the Use of Punishment
References
9. Learning and Behavioral Disturbances
Experimental Neurosis
Gantt: Schizokinesis, Autokinesis, and Effect of Person
Liddell: The Cornell Experiments
Masserman: Motivational Conflict Theory of Neurosis
Frustration and Neurosis: The Theories of Maier and Amsel
Learned Helplessness
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Conflict and Neurosis
Neurosis and the Family Dog
References
10. Human-Dog Companionship: Cultural and Psychological Significance
Theories of Pet Keeping
Forming the Ancient Bond
Affection and Friendship
The Effect of Person
When the Bond Fails
Psychoanalysis and the Human-Dog Bond: Conflicts and Contradictions
Communicating, Relating, and Attachment
The Question of Animal Awareness
Mysticism
Dog Devotion: Legends
Cynopraxis: Training and the Human-Dog Relationship
References
Index
